Success in Applying Nanotechnology in Mice

For years now, people on the speculative fringe of respectable science have been claiming that nanotechnology was right around the corner and would revolutionize medical treatment. We\’re still a long way from that rosy future, but a study published in Nature represents the first successful use of nanotechnology to treat a disease.

Researchers at Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, created a \’nanochemical\’ — essentially an extremely small antibiotic — which seeks out dangerous bacteria and kills it by puncturing the cell wall of the invader.

Their research took off from earlier research in polypetides. Polypetides could be used to target bacteria in the same way except for two problems: they tend to break down quickly once introduced into the body and they have a habit of targeting non-bacterial cells which is obviously a definite problem.

Working at the nano scale, the researchers were able to construct synthetic peptide rings which turned out to be me more stable and easier to produce than polypetides. Through trial and error, the researchers produced peptide rings that would attack only bacterial membranes.

Putting their methods to the test, the researchers infected mice with an antibiotic-resistant strain of staph infection, and then injected the peptide rings into the mice. The nanochemicals did their job, completely ridding the mice of a disease that would otherwise be fatal.

Reza Ghadiri, one of the principal researchers involved in the study, noted that one advantage of the nanochemical is that it should be harder for bacteria to develop resistance to it. Antibiotic work by targeting a specific molecule, and over time very subtle changes in that molecule allow bacteria to develop resistance.

But in order to become resistant to the peptide rings, the bacteria would have to alter numerous molecules. Not outside the realm of possibility, but likely a task that is several magnitudes of order more difficult than altering a single molecule.

These peptides are obviously a long way from human testing, with research on the safety of these drugs in animals still in its infancy, but some of those wild-eyed futurists are probably going to feel vindicated by this fascinating breakthrough.

Source:

Antibiotic prototype punctures bugs. Tom Clarke, Nature, July 26, 2001.

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PETA\’s Anti-Fishing Campaign (and the Hypocrisy of Some Anti-Animal Rights Folks)

When People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals launched it\’s anti-fishing billboards and radio ads in June, it provoked a lot of interesting commentary, with much of it directed at ridiculing PETA. But even in some of the otherwise excellent anti-PETA articles there was a lot of fuzzy thinking about animals, humans and nature that is the source of what little strength the animal rights movement possesses.

The actual ads PETA tried to take out were amusing. To coincide with Wal-Mart\’s BFL Tournament, PETA produced a radio ad featuring \”reformed fisher\” Jay Kelly. Here\’s how PETA described Kelly\’s view in a press release,

As a child, Kelly fished with his family. He now realizes that fish have feelings, too. \”Fishing is just as cruel as beating a puppy,\” says Kelly. \”When those fish on your hook move their lips, they aren\’t just whistling Dixie, they\’re trying desperately to keep on breathing. They know they are suffocating to death.\” Kelly hopes that fishers will toss their tackle, pitch their poles for good, and take up harmless outdoor activities like hiking, badminton, and lawn-bowling.

The claim that a fish\’s efforts to continue breathing is proof that a fish is self-aware is a genuine surprise, since that standard would imply that creatures that have even extremely primitive nervous systems have rights. Usually when anti-animal rights activists ask if animal rights activists want to protect insect rights or worm rights as well, they are accused of creating a straw man, but Kelly\’s standard means almost all living organisms would be accorded rights which is so absurd that most animal rights activists won\’t even go there.

PETA claims that fish feel pain, and in a letter to The Washington Times, PETA staffer Paula Moore offered the organization\’s incredibly weak argument in favor of that position which backs up Kelly\’s claim. Essentially, PETA is claiming that since fish exhibit many of the same responses that mammals exhibit when in pain, \”including rapid startle reactions and simple nonspecific flight,\” this must mean that they are really experiencing pain. But one of the problems with this is that fish lack a neocortex, which is widely regarded as being the source of higher order responses to pain.

And again, if PETA is serious, then almost every complex organism will have rights, and we are back to debating whether or not cockroaches have rights.

Some of the anti-PETA opinions, however, were almost more annoying than PETA\’s own anti-fishing claims. Sports Illustrated\’s Rick Reilly wrote a hilarious column about PETA with lines like,

\”Why do we throw a Frisbee to some animals and a barbed hook to others?\” PETA asks on its web site.

And, of course, the answer is: Because fish really suck at catching Frisbees.

The weird thing, though, is that in the middle of his anti-PETA rant, Reilly takes time out to elaborate on his anti-hunting views. According to Reilly,

…sitting in the back of a pickup, taking a rifle with an infrared scope and killing a deer from 1,000 yards away is not early the same thing as standing up to your spleen in icy rushing river water, trying to cast the perfectly tied fly into the perfect eddy to catch a rainbow trout. … Tell you what: I will get behind hunting when hunters come up with a shoot-and release program.

Unless Reilly is a vegetarian, which seems extraordinarily unlikely, this is an extremely myopic and hypocritical claim. As someone who has never hunted, I don\’t see how anyone could consistently say that it is wrong to shot a deer from 1,000 feet a way with a scoped rifle, but it is okay to buy meat that comes out of slaughterhouses.

Similarly, Richard Louv of The Denver Post wrote a wishy washy sort of anti-PETA article in which Louv apparently couldn\’t help but say that although he disagrees with PETA, the animal rights movement \”is not entirely without merit.\” Again, presumably like many who have come under attack from the animal rights community, Louv is certain that when he kills a fish that is perfectly fine, but he\’s not so sure about what happens when a researcher performs a medical experiment or a circus trains elephants.

The animal rights activists aren\’t the only ones with clouded thinking about animals and ethics.

Source:

PETA\’s Anti-Fishing Radio Ad Targets Animal Tournament. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Press Release, June 12, 2001.

Fish may not be cute, but they feel pain. Paula Moore, The Washington Times, June 12, 2001.

Scales of injustice. Rick Reilly, Sports Illustrated, June 26, 2001.

The Angler\’s Manifesto: PETA\’s anti-fishing campaign all wet. Richard Louv, The Denver Post, June 3, 2001.

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UPC\’s Anti-KFC Protest

Recently I wrote about a United Poultry Concerns planning to protest at a KFC. Apparently they went ahead and protested at a Washington DC-area KFC. An account from the Lexington Herald-Leader reported that while the rain soaked the activists, they carried signs in front of the restaurant with slogans such as \”Chickens Have Feelings\” and \”Imagine How They Feel\” (I\’d think \”Imagine How Good They Taste\” would be more accurate, but that\’s just me).

Anyway, there were some interesting details in the report. Like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and other groups, UPC apparently does some serious padding with its membership numbers. UPC claims it has 10,000 members nationwide and last year raised $122,000. Unless I\’m mistaken that\’s just $12.20 per member. Since UPC lists its membership dues as $30 for new members, $25 for renewing members, and $10 for students, its hard to see how they have 10,000 new members unless all but a handful are students.

The Herald-Leader quoted protester Jean Colison, 57, of Bethesda, Maryland, as complaining that \”Nine billion animals are killed in the United States for food, and eight billion of them are chickens. I think it\’s unjust. I think it\’s unfair.\” (She might be right, maybe we should eat more turkeys and beef so the chickens don\’t feel like they\’re the only ones being picked on).

Karen Davis showed up to add that, \”They [chickens] are very zesty, cheerful beings when they\’re not being abused. We speak about loving the earth. Well, if anybody loves the earth, it\’s a chicken.\”

The best line, though, had to be from KFC customer Loria Suggs who happened to be ordering some chicken strips in the drive-through. Asked whether the protesters had convinced her to give up chicken, she indicated they had not and added, \”There are much greater causes they could stand out in the rain for than, \’Don\’t eat chicken.\’\”

Source:

Animal activists protest restaurant chain\’s fare. Frank E. Lockwood, Lexington Herald-Leader, July 30, 2001.

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Hare Krishna\’s Object to McDonald\’s Restaurant

I\’ve heard of churches objecting to bars being built nearby, but members of a Hare Krishna temple in east Dallas are complaining that a proposed McDonald\’s restraunt would offend their religious practice of vegetarianism.

\”We just really feel offended that McDonald\’s is planning to come here,\” temple member Mike Meyer told The Dallas Morning News. \”A big part of our religion is vegetarianism; it\’s one of our main beliefs. It\’s like an in-your-face type of thing.\”

Of course the Hare Krishna objection to a McDonald\’s in the neighborhood couldn\’t havev anything to do with not wanting competition for the vegetarian restaurant run by the temple.

Source:

Hare Krishnas fight McDonald\’s plan. The Associated Press, July 6, 2001.

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The Horrors of those \”Happy Cow\” Commercials

The California Milk Advisory Board has been running ads featuring cows in fields with tag lines like, \”Great cheese comes from happy cows. Happy cows come from California.\” Last Chance for Animals filed a complaint against the ads a few months ago, claiming that the ads \”deliberately mislead the public, as they do not reflect the horrendous conditions in which California\’s dairy cows actually live.\”

The animal rights group sent undercover footage of a couple dairies to the California Attorney Generals\’s Office that the group claims prove that \”the cows … are anything but \’happy.\’\”

In a press release announcing the complaint, Last Chance for Animals urged activists to \”please ask the Attorney General\’s Office to issue an injunction against the CMAB, disseminate a retraction, and enforce a criminal penalty against the company.\”

Source:

California \”Happy Cow\” Ads. Last Chance for Animals, Press release, 2001.

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Karen Davis, Songwriter

Back in April, as it has for the last four years, United Poultry Concerns promised to protest at the annual White House Easter Egg Roll. The event was marred by rain, but that wasn\’t about deter UPC. In a report for their Summer 2001 Poultry Press, UPC claimed that the \”Big Chicken in the Sky Rains out Egg Roll, Not UPC.\”

Apparently UPC handed out a pamphlet to kids and parents containing song lyrics written by Karen Davis meant to be sung to the tune of \”Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.\” Somehow I don\’t think this is destined to become a children\’s classic, but you can judge from the lyrics,

Chicken, chicken, why aren\'t you
With your mother hen so true?
Pecking, playing, running around
Taking sunbaths on the ground.
Chicken, chicken, why aren\'t you
With your mother hen so true?


Chicken, chicken, why aren\'t you?
With your sisters and brothers, too?
Scratching, running, having fun,
Taking dustbaths in the sun.
Chicken, chicken, why aren\'t you
With your sisters and brothers, too?


Chicken, chicken, baby bird
May your cheeping cries be heard,
Hushed and soothed by those who see
We are all one family.
Chicken, chicken, why aren\'t you
With your mother hen so true?

I suspect those lyrics made even the \”Big Chicken in the Sky\” cringe.

Source:

Big Chicken in the Sky Rains out Egg Roll, Not UPC. United Poultry Concerns, Summer 2001.

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Young Animal Rights Activist Has Second Thoughts

Over the past few years, animal rights activist Ryan Courtade has received a lot of media coverage largely due to the novelty of his age — Courtade was only 10 when he became an animal rights activist and started his group, Love All Animals. But Courtade is not likely to get much support from this animal rights friends for the e-mail he posted to an animal rights list on July 27 describing the second thoughts he\’s having about the movement.

After describing criticism directed at him from within the animal rights community, Courtade writes,

From now on I will not classify myself as an animal \”rights\” activist. I will be an animal welfare activist. I\’m tired of the infighting, and splitting, and I\’m extremely tired of this violence.

Courtade has worked closely with In Defense of Animals and Courtade goes on to offer a criticism of animal rights violence very similar to that offered by IDA\’s Elliott Katz:

We are supposed to be promoting compassion towards animals, but one needs to promote compassion toward all living things. You can go around talking to employees at HLS or Procter and Gamble, but when you go to their home or call them at home, that\’s harassment, and we have no right to do that. That does not promote compassion and it changes the focus from animals to violence.

I\’m very sorry that I have to do this, and I am prepared to suffer the consequences. I accept that I may lose your support, although I would still like to have your support. Because I will not be physophically [sic] changing due to this change in title, I just will not feel out of place calling myself something I\’m not.

I think that the animal rights movement has gotten out of hand, violence to humans is not helping anything, it is giving a bad image to the public. I will do everything that I can to help the animals, but I will not harm another human being. I guess I\’m just to compassionate to do that. Civil disobedience and violence is not acceptable, and it should not be used as a tool to attempt to force a change that may never come.

When Katz offered his critique of animal rights violence, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals\’ Bruce Friedrich wrote an article savaging Katz for this view. One wonders if Friedrich will be up to the intellectual challenge of taking on a teenager\’s rather eloquent argument against violence.

Source:

Change in Views (Last E-mail unless you make the move). Ryan Courtade, E-Mail Communication, July 27, 2001.

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Dead Cow Dropped From Helicopter in Germany

This story is bizarre on a number of levels. Austrian \”artist\” Wolfgang Flatz recently gave a performance consisting of his assistants dropping a dead cow from a helicopter 130 feet in the air while Flatz was suspended naked from a crane, all the while striking a crucifixion pose.

Such a performance deserved to be protested for passing itself off as art, but instead animal rights activists sued to stop the performance on animal welfare grounds. Patrizia Strunz, 13, told a Berlin court that the spectacle of watching a dead cow plummet from a helicopter would induce \”spiritual shock.\” A small group of protesters showed up to the performance and unfurled a banner reading, \”Animals have rights too.\”

An unnamed city official quoted by Reuters had the most sanguine comment noting that nothing could be done to stop the cow drop because, \”Throwing food around is not illegal.\” The cow did have to be gutted and tested for mad cow disease, however.

Animal activist Claudia Pfister, however, insisted that the cow drop could lead to copycat animal droppings, with people mesmerized by Flatz\’s \”art\” deciding to throw their dogs and cats out of windows and calling it art. Personally, I suspect the average pet owner has enough sensibility not to confuse Flatz with a genuine artist (in another stunt, Flatz was suspended upside down inside a bell, with his head bashing against the bell until he fell unconscious).

Source:

Berlin teen fails to stop flying cow spectacle. Alexander Scrimgeour, Reuters, July 20, 2001.

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United Poultry Concerns Plans Anti-KFC Protests

United Poultry Concerns recently announced a People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals-style protest against KFC on July 29, 2001.

These folks need a lot of work to match the sophistication of PETA\’s media grabbing, but there was this hilarious nugget in their press release,

Much sweeter [than eating chickens] is the sight of happy chickens at UPC\’s sanctuary in Virginia. \”When people meet the chickens and see how nice they are, they stop thinking them of food,\” says UPC protest co-organizer Franklin Wade. \”At our KFC protest, each person who sees our signs or takes a leaflet must think about these birds and consider the truth.\”

Yeah, if we could only sit down and have a long conversation with a chicken, we\’d understand our shared humanity… er, scratch that. I suspect what most people will consider after taking a UPC leaflet is, \”Why couldn\’t they have given me a coupon off a bucket of wings instead?\”

Source:

Chicken rights activists target KFC for Protest; \”Stop Slaughter of the Innocent, Go Veggie,\” They Urge. United Poultry Concerns, Press Release, July 26, 2001.

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Sheep Eyes=High Ratings

Prior to its broadcast, animal rights activists were distributing angry letters and call for action against NBC\’s reality-based gross out show, \”Fear Factor.\” Its most recent episode dared contestants to eat sheep\’s eyes.

The ratings are in, and NBC\’s strategy seemed to pull in the ratings with 14.12 million people tuning in to watch the sheep eye episode based on preliminary ratings figures (the show is easily the highest rated summer TV series).

Source:

NBC\’s \”Fear\” scares ratings high again. Rick Kissell, Variety, July 25, 2001.

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